Location
Pedestrian crossings can be located at an intersection or mid-block.
Provide pedestrian crossings at all legs of intersections. Pedestrians are unlikely to comply with a three-stage crossing and may place themselves in a dangerous situation as a result.
Install a pedestrian crossing where there is a significant pedestrian desire line. Frequent applications include mid-block bus stops, metro stations, parks, plazas, monuments, or public building entrances.
Spacing
Provide level crossings every 80–100 m in urban environments.1 Distances over 200 m should be avoided, as they create compliance and safety issues.
If it takes a person more than three minutes to walk to a pedestrian crossing, he or she may decide to cross along a more direct, but unsafe route.
Pedestrian crossing spacing criteria should be determined according to the pedestrian network, built environment, and desire lines. Designers should take into account both existing and projected crossing demand.
Marking
Always mark the pedestrian crossing, regardless of the paving pattern or material.
High-visibility ladder and zebra markings are preferable to parallel or dashed pavement markings. These are more visible to approaching vehicles and have been shown to improve yielding behavior by drivers.